１ 次の英文を読んで空所に入る語を選びなさい。（芝浦工業大）レベル：標準
Most of today’s young Japanese have mobile phones and appear to be involved in intimate relationships, yet they are ( a ) about being alone or *alienated. High school girls, for example, tend
to dress quite alike － short skirts and loose socks － to fit in with similar-looking classmates. The proverb “The nail that sticks out is hammered down” still ( b ) in Japan. It is also true, however, that many youngsters
are struggling against traditional beliefs. Japan’s educational system has ( c ) people of opportunities for logical thinking or debating. This might be a reason for the lack of ( d ). The number
of kids is decreasing, so this could be the right time to change the educational system. *alienated：feeling separated from the group of people around you
(d) 1. information 2. individuality 3. evidence 4. interest
２ 次の英文を読んで設問に答えなさい。（明治大）レベル：標準
Science must be supplemented by philosophy if the means that science gives us are to be used for worthwhile ends. Many people today think that philosophy is useless as compared with science, because it cannot be applied in the ( a
) of things or in the control of means. But philosophical knowledge is useful in a quite different and, in my judgment, superior way. Its utility or application is moral or ( b ), not technical or productive.
Where science furnishes us with ( c ) we can use, philosophy directs us to ( d ) we should seek.
(1) (a)(b)に入る語を選びなさい。
(a) 1. produce 2. producer 3. product 4. production
(b) 1. direct 2. directed 3. direction 4. directive
(2) (c)(d)に入る語の組み合わせとして正しいものを選びなさい。
1. (c) conduct (d) organization
2. (c) means (d) ends
3. (c) goods (d) mortality
4. (c) constitutions (d) happiness
Part 2 下線語句問題の研究
３ 下線部の語句の意味として正しいものを選びなさい。（オリジナル）レベル：やや易
For centuries, Native Americans living in what is now the United States and Canada lived abstemiously, using only what they needed from the natural environment in order to survive. But when Europeans arrived on the continent,
they saw an abundance of materials that they could use and sell. They cut down the forests, killed animals for sport, and used farming methods that allowed the wind and rain to erode the soil. To many of the new settlers, it must have seemed
that there was an endless supply of forests, animals, and land.
① modestly
② by themselves
③ aggressively
④ poorly
Part 3 内容一致・内容真偽問題の研究
４ 次の英文を読んで設問に答えなさい。（センター）レベル：やや易
Sally arrived early. As she walked around the old house, she couldn’t help feeling sad because of what was about to happen. It was almost a year since her dear grandmother had passed away in this house at the age of ninety-two. The family
had very much wanted to keep all her things. Unfortunately, the family business had failed and left them with heavy debts. In the end, the bank had forced the family to have an auction sale to repay their debts. The auction was to be held
today.
問 Why did Sally’s family have to sell her grandmother’s belongings?
① Her grandmother wished them to sell all her belongings.
② Most of the items were too old and dirty to keep.
③ They needed the money to pay off their debts.
④ They wanted to forget the hard times they’d had with her grandmother.
５ 次の英文を読み，下記の設問に答えよ。（早稲田大）レベル：標準
At the main international airport for Mexico City, the first thing to notice is that the path from the baggage claim is lined with smiling employees guiding passengers to their taxis or connecting flights. The second is that they are all in
wheelchairs. Since the opening of a new terminal in November 2007, the airport has hired some 60 disabled, bilingual workers to serve as Mexico’s face to the world. Their presence delights both passengers, who frequently offer congratulations
and ask to take their picture, and their superiors. "They’re professional, attentive, always in a good mood, and never miss work," says Hector Velazquez, the airport’s director.
1．Why do disabled workers serve as Mexico’s face to the world?
(a) Passengers cannot help noticing their wheelchairs.
(b) They are among the first people seen by arriving passengers.
(c) They are delighted to have their pictures taken.
(d) They can communicate with passengers in their own language.
Part 4 下線和訳問題の研究
６ 次の英文を読み，下線(1)(2)を和訳しなさい。（中央大）レベル：やや難
In any conceivable kind of culture man needs to co-operate with others if he wants to survive, whether for the purpose of defending himself against enemies or dangers of nature, or in order that he may be able to work and produce. (1)Even
Robinson Crusoe was accompanied by his man Friday; without him he would probably not only have become insane but would actually have died. Each person experiences this need for the help of others very drastically as a child. (2)On account
of the factual inability of the human child to take care of itself with regard to all-important functions, communication with others is a matter of life and death for the child. The possibility of being left alone is necessarily the most
serious threat to the child’s whole existence.
Part 5 下線説明問題の研究
７ 次の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。（熊本大）レベル：標準
The issues of censorship and free speech have always been a problem for Americans. Concerning commercial television, some businesses sponsor certain television shows, so they may work with the creators of the programs and (1)have some say
over the content. If they do not like what is happening on the show, the sponsors can withdraw their support. Some critics believe that this sort of control of television by mass-advertising companies has affected the quality of
the programs. However, others argue that commercial television gives the American public what it most wants. Only popular programs stay on the air; less popular shows may be quickly canceled. Moreover, commercial television offers a wide
variety of entertainment, sports and news programs in the average family’s living room, at a very low cost. There is, of course, an alternative to commercial television. Public television is not paid for by mass advertising; therefore,
it has no commercials. It is paid for by contributions from individual viewers (the public) who want higher-quality television, and also by contributions from private companies and the government. The programs on public television are
generally superior in educational and cultural content to the programs on commercial television. Even though public television is watched by a large number of Americans, commercial television attracts still larger audiences. (2)
This would seem to support (3)the argument of those critics who approve of commercial television.
１ 次の英文を読んで設問に答えなさい。（一橋大）
Egyptologists can only make educated guesses about the construction methods employed by the pyramid builders. Close scrutiny of each building and of the available tools, combined with assumptions of practicability and present expert knowledge
of building in stone have led archaeologists to develop theories about pyramid, and general, building construction. (1)Unfortunately, these theories are now accepted as fact, even though there is no definite proof that any of the massive
structures built in the Old Kingdom, or before, were actually erected in the manner that Egyptologists claim they were. Most of the pyramids were built on the west bank of the Nile, on high ground so that they would not be
flooded when the Nile rose, and yet close enough so that the workers could have access to the river, on which were shipped the building stones from the quarries*. Another seemingly apparent reason for the choice of the west
bank as the construction site is that the underlying rock foundation of the chosen site had to be solid, with no faults, or else the whole structure would have collapsed, perhaps even while under construction. The Egyptians must have been
the world’s best geologists, far superior to those of today, since they were able to determine that the west bank of the Nile was the correct site for the pyramids. The amount of technical skill required to determine that the huge area
had a solid rock foundation is immense, and requires fantastically extensive knowledge in the many fields associated with proper geological surveying. It is reasoned by the Egyptologists that the ancient Egyptians constructed the pyramids
on the west bank of the Nile because they wanted to be as close as possible to the setting sun. Since the setting of the sun symbolized death, this reasoning strikes us as a bit unlikely—if they had positioned the pyramids for symbolic
significance, it would have made more sense for them to build them on the east bank (symbolizing birth) so that their pharaohs* would be closer to rebirth and so that they themselves could be close to the birth or rebirth of
their gods. We can only conclude that the Egyptians chose the pyramid site not for (2)symbolic reasons but for (3)practical ones. Having determined the construction site, the builders then
had to clear hundreds if not thousands of acres of sand and stone from the surface covering the solid rock foundation. The foundation itself then had to be levelled and smoothed. The levelling was so exact that the Great Pyramid is out
of level by less than half an inch. Over the course of 765 feet, one-half inch equals 1/24 feet, or approximately 0.05 feet. This means an error of only 0.05/750 or 0.007 percent. (4)Such a slight deviation from accuracy rivals
inaccuracies existing in most buildings constructed today.
*[注]quarries = places from which stone for buildings is taken pharaohs = rulers of ancient Egypt
1. 下線部(1)を和訳せよ。
2. 下線部(2)の具体的内容を，本文にそくして，40字以内(句読点を含む)の日本語で述べよ。
3. 下線部(3)の具体的内容を，本文にそくして，100字以内(句読点を含む)の日本語で述べよ。
4. 下線部(4)を和訳せよ。
２ 次の英文を読んで設問に答えなさい。（慶応大・理工）
In our society emotions in general are discouraged. While there can be no doubt that any creative thinking — as well as any other creative activity — is inseparably linked with emotion, it has become an ( 1 ) to think
and to live without emotions. To be “emotional” has become (ｱ)synonymous with being unsound and unbalanced. By the acceptance of this standard the individual has become greatly weakened; his thinking is impoverished
and flattened. On the other hand, since emotions cannot be completely killed, they must have their existence totally apart from the intellectual side of the personality; the result is the cheap and insincere sentimentality with which movies
and popular songs feed millions of emotion-starved customers.
There is one tabooed emotion that I want to mention in particular, because its (ｲ)suppression touches deeply on the roots of personality: the sense of tragedy. The awareness of death and of the tragic aspect of
life, whether dim or clear, is one of the basic characteristics of man. Each culture has its own way of coping with the problem of death. For those societies in which the process of individuation has progressed but little, the end of individual
is less of a ( 2 ) since the experience of individual existence itself is less developed. Death is not yet conceived as being basically different from life. Cultures in which we find a higher development of individuation
have treated death according to their social and psychological structure. The Greeks put all emphasis on life and pictured death as nothing but a shadowy and (ｳ)dreary continuation of life. The Egyptians based their hopes on a (
3 ) in the indestructibility of the human body, at least of those whose power during life was indestructible. The Jews admitted the fact of death realistically and were able to reconcile themselves with the idea of the
destruction of individual life by the vision of a state of happiness and justice to be reached by mankind in this world. Christianity has made death ultimately unreal and tried to comfort the unhappy individual with promises of an afterlife.
Our own era simply denies death and with it one fundamental aspect of life. Instead of allowing death and suffering to become one of the strongest (ｴ)incentives for life, the basis for human solidarity, and an experience without
which joy and enthusiasm lack intensity and depth, the individual is forced to repress it. But, as is always the ( 4 ) with repression, removing such elements from sight does not mean they have ceased to exist.
Thus the fear of death lives an illegitimate existence among us. It remains alive in spite of the attempt to deny it, but being repressed it remains (ｵ)sterile. It is one of the ( 5 ) of the flatness of other
experience, of the restlessness pervading life.